Cooling tower systems include all components that provide comfort cooling by rejecting heat to the atmosphere through the evaporative process. Cooling tower evaporative cooling system measurement. The term induced draft denotes that air is drawn by fans through the flow of falling water and up and out of the cooling tower. Department of energy idaho operations office idaho national engineering laboratory this is an informal report intended for use as a preliminaryor working document work supported by the u.
Cooling tower efficiency calculations cooling tower. Cooling tower efficiency cooling tower efficiency can be expressed as efficiency 100t1t2t1t3 where t1 inlet temperature of water to the tower t2 outlet temperature of water from the tower t3 wet bulb temperature of air. The cooling towers can perform their work in ample ways by using a varied type of advanced technologies. To capitalise upon the inherent energy efficiency of cooling tower systems the condenser water, and cooling tower systems must be properly designed, operating correctly and regularly maintained. The locations water source, age of the cooling tower, and even the air being used to cool the water varies by location. As the water evaporates, the air absorbs heat, which lowers the temperature of the remaining water. F as in the above example, the cooling efficiency is 90%. At these condi tions, the cooling tower rejects 15,000 btuih per nominal cooling tower ton.
Cooling tower performance in free cooling applications is dependent upon both the system and cooling tower design. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf cooling towers. Design of mechanical draftcooling tower and determination of. Hi, i am an engineering student, and i am working on a cross flow induced draft cooling tower. Estimate evaporation loss and makeup water requirements find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Cooling tower efficiency calculations cooling tower approach. Pdf 60 m3h nominal capacity cooling tower was designed, based on the required cooling water parameters in. The calculation of cooling tower efficiency involves the range and approach of the cooling tower. Cooling tower efficiency calculations along with approach, range, cycle of concentration, blowdown, evaporation loss and makeup water.
L mass flow of water entering the cooling tower lbmin t. This includes determination of cycle of concentration, evaporation loss, drift or windage loss, blow down water requirement makeup. This means cooling tower maintenance and water treatment is a progressive and customized undertaking. The effect of the air water ratio on counter flow cooling tower. The calculation of cooling tower efficiency involves the range and approach of the cooling tower see fig.
A nominal cooling tower ton is defined as cooling 3 gpm of water from 95f to 85f at a 78f entering air wetbulb temperature. Cold water temperature an overview sciencedirect topics. Cooling tower efficiency calculations chemical engineering site. Feb 24, 2014 a cooling tower is an essential piece of equipment in many production facilities used to bring down the temperature of the water used in many different process so it can be used again. Cooling tower efficiency calculations along with approach, range, cycle of concentration, blowdown, evaporation loss and makeup water requirement.
This cooling tower quiz module covers the design, calculations, operations and cooling water treatment etc which will be a refresher for the experience and an eyeopener for the fresh chemical engineers. Abstract this paper presents detailed methodology of a induced draft cooling tower of counter flow type in which its efficiency, effectiveness, characteristics are calculated. Mar, 2012 cooling tower design calculations posted in student. An opencircuit cooling tower, commonly called a cooling tower, is a specialized heat exchanger in which two fluids air and water are. Cooling tower efficiency calculations water evaporation. They reject process heat from the cooling water to atmosphere and keep the water cool. For example, a cooling tower sized to cool 4540 m3hr through a. Rp m 2 rp m 1 cfm 2 c fm 1 staticpressure 2 static pressure 1 cfm 2 cfm 12 ho rsep ower 2 ho rsepow er 1c fm cfm 3 formulas ra nge e ntering water tem per ature leavingwater temperature. Estimate evaporation loss and makeup water requirements article pdf available april 2017 with 9,632 reads.
This would require a very large tower and yield huge evaporation and. Cooling tower plays a major role in chemical process industry. Cooling tower efficiency calculations cooling tower efficiency calculation is described in this article. The difference between the entering and exit drybulb temperatures i. In an ideal case the cold water temperature will be equal to the wet bulb temperature. Guide for energy efficient cooling tower design and operation. There are many factors affecting the performance of counter flow cooling towers, the air water ratio. The thermal capability of a cooling tower used for air condition ing is often expressed in nominal cooling tower tons. As the cooling water circulates the cooling tower part of water evaporates thereby increasing the total dissolved solids in the remaining water. How to increase your industrial cooling tower efficiency. Drift eliminators are installed to prevent water entrained in the air from leaving the system. The technical data has been taken from a mechanical draft cooling tower.
In summer the ambient air wet bulb temperature raises when compared to winter thus limiting the cooling tower efficiency. Cooling tower bureau of energy efficiency 9 figure 7. To purchase them for commercial purpose, here we have collect some vital information. Sep 17, 20 if a cooling tower is discharging blowdown from the cooling tower basin or cooling water supply pipe, a simple piping change to discharge blowdown water from the cooling water piping returning hot water to the tower can provide a 12% improvement in the energy efficiency of the hvac cooling system.
The water consumption or the amount of make up water of a cooling tower is about 0. I know the inlet and outlet temperature of water, volume flow rate of water and the heat load desired from the cooling tower. The cooling capacity of a tower is the heat rejected kcalh or tr refrigeration tons. Cooling tower heat transfer fundamentals power engineering. Cooling tower efficiency calculations free download as pdf file.
Pdf thermal calculation of the ejection cooling tower and method. The basic cooling tower process is outlined in figure 1. Cooling tower basics calculation formulas cooling tower. The present paper is a detailed methodology for thermal design of cooling tower. Compared with the use and waste of city water the water consumption can be reduced with about 90 95%. In the words of an excellent reference manual on cooling, evaporation is utilized to its fullest extent in. The size and cost of the cooling tower is proportional to the heat load.
The technical data is taken for mechanical draft cooling tower. F and the actual temperature drop measured across the cooling media is 27. In practice, the cooling tower efficiency will be in between 65 to 70%. It works with all types of cooling towers and with different types of fill splash or film. Dec 25, 2011 a cooling tower is an equipment used to reduce the temperature of a water stream by extracting heat from water and emitting it to the atmosphere. Simulating power efficiency of heat transfer agent cooling. One helpful means to that end is the water cooling tower. There is no one size fits all solution for cooling tower maintenance. In summer season the ambient air wet bulb temperature raises when compared to winter season so cooling tower efficiency limiting in summer season. The evaporative cooling towers are widely used for heat extraction in the. Nov 22, 2014 this useful and easy program let you quickly and securely perform calculations for the design of a new cooling tower project, upgrade the performance of an existing counterflow tower and verify its efficiency and working conditions.
A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. Pdf design and performance analysis of the cooling tower in the. This process provides significant cooling to the remaining water stream that collects in the tower basin where it can be. Oct 17, 2016 although cooling towers are generally some of the most costeffective cooling mechanisms as compared to other cooling technologies such as many dry air cooling systems, it is still important to monitor your industrial cooling tower efficiency and run it as seamlessly as possible. Cooling towers make use of evaporation whereby some of the water is evaporated into a moving air stream and subsequently discharged into the atmosphere. Nov 30, 2016 chemical engineering site already published articles on cooling tower components and cooling tower efficiency calculations. Cooling tower efficiency calculation basic dtls youtube. Department of energy assistant secretary for resource. If heat load calculations are low undersized equipment will be purchased. The fanlaws can be used topredi ctthe pe rformance ofa towerwitha nonstandard motor. Cooling tower efficiency is limited by the ambient wet bulb temperature.
In the ideal case, the cold water temperature will be equal to the wetbulb temperature. Quick guide to frp square cooling tower and its parts one of the most significant components of any industrial process is frp square cooling tower. Test your knowledge on cooling tower online quiz chemical. Doc cooling tower lab report sem yong hao academia. Cooling tower design calculations student cheresources.
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